What Is an Allergy?

An allergy is a medical condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to substances that are typically harmless to most people. These substances, called allergens, can range from common triggers like pollen and pet dander to foods, medications, and insect bites.

To learn more about how the body reacts to allergens, when allergies can develop, how allergies are diagnosed, what the most common symptoms/reactions are, and how to treat allergies, read on!

How Does the Body React to Allergens?

When an individual with an allergy is exposed to an allergen, their immune system identifies it as a threat and releases histamine and other chemicals, which cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include itching and rashes, runny nose and watery eyes, wheezing and coughing, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that can cause swelling, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.

When Can Allergies Develop?

Allergies can develop at any age and can be genetic, meaning they can be passed down from parents to children. Some people may also have multiple allergies or experience a cross-reaction, where they have an allergic response to more than one substance.

How Are Allergies Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of allergies typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and various tests, such as skin prick tests, blood tests, and elimination diets. Treatment options vary based on the type and severity of the allergy and may include multiple options to help manage it.

What Are the Most Common Symptoms of Allergies/Allergic Reactions?

The most common allergic reactions include the following:

●     Rhinitis (hay fever): nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching

●     Conjunctivitis (eye allergy): red, itchy, and watery eyes

●     Skin reactions: itching, redness, and swelling

●     Asthma: wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath

●     Anaphylaxis: a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction that can cause swelling, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure

How Are Allergies Treated?

Managing allergy symptoms starts with avoiding or reducing exposure to known allergens. This can include measures such as:

●     Staying indoors when pollen levels are high

●     Keeping windows and doors closed to reduce exposure to outdoor allergens

●     Vacuuming regularly and using air filters to remove dust and dander from the home

●     Washing bedding in hot water to remove dust mites

●     Keeping pets out of the bedroom and off upholstered furniture

●     Wearing a mask when performing activities that generate dust, such as gardening or mowing the lawn

●     Avoiding certain foods if food allergies are suspected

In addition to allergen avoidance, over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal sprays can help relieve symptoms. If these medications are not effective, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger medications such as corticosteroids or immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots, works by gradually exposing an individual to increasing amounts of an allergen to help build up a tolerance over time. This treatment can be effective for individuals with persistent or severe allergies and is typically administered by an allergist.

What if I Don’t Want to Take Over-The-Counter Medications?

Another effective way to manage allergy symptoms is to use home remedies. For example, you can try the following:

●     Using a saline nasal spray to flush out allergens

●     Applying a cold compress to reduce swelling and itching

●     Taking a warm bath or using a humidifier to relieve congestion

●     Drinking plenty of fluids to thin mucus and relieve symptoms

When Should I Go See a Doctor?

If you have a severe or life-threatening reaction, suspect an allergy, or believe you may have an allergy, you should see a doctor right away. A plan for managing your allergies and lowering your risk of future reactions can be created with the assistance of an allergist. The amazing team at Bayou Bend Health System can help! If you have any questions or wish to book an appointment contact us today!