How Do Your Genes Fit? Cracking the Code on Breast Cancer Risk

Understanding the connection between genetics and breast cancer risk has become a vital part of modern medicine. Our genes play a significant role in determining our susceptibility to breast cancer, and by cracking the code of these genetic factors, we can better assess and manage our risk.

Read on as we explore how genetic factors contribute to breast cancer risk and provide steps you can take if you're concerned about your genetic predisposition.

The Basics of Genetics and Breast Cancer

Genes are the parts of DNA that carry instructions for making proteins. These proteins are necessary for the body’s functions, from cell growth to repair. DNA is organized into chromosomes, and we inherit these chromosomes from our parents. Each chromosome has thousands of genes, and their sequences can be altered in various ways. For example, a typo (refers to an error in the sequence of nucleotides) in the DNA sequence might not affect normal cell function, but a more significant change can lead to issues like cancer.

Breast cancer can occur when mutations or errors in specific genes lead to abnormal cell growth. These genetic changes can be inherited or acquired due to environmental factors. Understanding how these mutations fit into the broader picture of breast cancer risk can help in prevention and early detection.

Susceptibility Genes and Breast Cancer Risk

Some people are born with genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing breast cancer. These are known as susceptibility genes. Having a mutation in one of these genes does not guarantee that a person will develop cancer, but it does mean they have a higher risk compared to the general population.

For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are well-known risk factors for breast cancer. These genes are responsible for repairing damaged DNA. When they are mutated, their ability to repair DNA is compromised, which increases the risk of developing cancer. Women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have a significantly higher risk of breast cancer compared to those without these mutations.

The Role of Chromosomes and Genes in Cancer Development

Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome carries thousands of genes. Normally, each person has two copies of every gene, as they come from each parent. The other can often compensate if a gene is mutated in one copy. But if both copies are mutated or a key gene is missing, it can lead to cancer.

In the case of inherited breast cancer, a mutation in one gene copy is present in all cells from birth. This makes it easier for cancer to develop, as the second "normal" gene copy might be lost or mutated later in life. This genetic predisposition can lead to cancers occurring at a younger age and can also increase the likelihood of multiple cancers in an individual.

Identifying Genetic Risk Factors

Family history can provide important clues about genetic risk factors. If several family members across multiple generations have had breast cancer, particularly at a young age, it may indicate an inherited genetic mutation. For instance, a family with a history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or even rare cancers might warrant further genetic investigation. Identifying genetic risk factors early can help proactive measures be put in place.

Other signs of a potential genetic risk include:

Multiple Cancers: Individuals who develop more than one cancer, such as breast and ovarian cancer, may have a hereditary risk.
Early Onset: Breast cancer diagnosed at a young age is a key indicator of possible genetic involvement.
Rare Cancer Types: The presence of rare cancers, like male breast cancer or pancreatic cancer, in the family could signal a genetic mutation.

Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Risk

Genetic testing plays a big role in assessing breast cancer risk. This testing can identify whether someone has inherited a mutation in a gene associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The primary goal of genetic testing is to determine if a person has an increased risk so that they can take preventive measures or undergo regular screenings.

Genetic testing is typically performed on blood samples, but saliva samples can also be used. Both methods provide valuable information, as DNA in saliva is just as informative as that in blood. Once the sample is collected, it is analyzed for mutations in known breast cancer susceptibility genes.

Understanding Genetic Test Results

When you receive genetic test results, they may indicate whether you have inherited a mutation associated with breast cancer. The three main types of results are as follows:

Positive: A known mutation that increases the risk of breast cancer is identified.
Negative: No known mutations are found, suggesting a lower risk based on the tested genes.
Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS): The test finds a change in the gene, but its significance is not clear. This means it’s uncertain whether the change affects cancer risk.

Following up with a genetic consultant to interpret these results accurately is important. A consultant can help you understand the implications of the findings and guide you on the next steps, whether it's additional testing, increased surveillance, or preventive measures.

Genetic Counseling and Risk Management

Genetic counseling should be a part of the process when dealing with breast cancer risk. A genetic counselor can help you understand your family history, interpret genetic test results, and discuss potential preventive strategies. They can also provide information on how to manage the risk if you have an inherited mutation.

For those with a high risk of breast cancer, there are several management options:

Increased Surveillance: Regular mammograms and MRIs can help detect cancer early. For those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, screenings might start earlier than usual.
Preventive Surgery: In some cases, a preventive mastectomy (removal of breast tissue) or oophorectomy (removal of ovaries) might be considered to reduce cancer risk.
Medications: Certain medications can lower the risk of breast cancer, especially for those with genetic mutations.

Advances in Genetic Research

Recent advancements in genetic research have improved our understanding of breast cancer. Researchers are studying additional genes and variants that may influence breast cancer risk. Polygenic risk scores, which evaluate multiple small genetic changes, are emerging as a tool to estimate risk more accurately.

While polygenic risk scores are still being refined, they hold promise for providing a more personalized risk assessment. This approach may help identify individuals at risk who might not have been detected through traditional genetic testing.

How Best to Understand Genetic Risks

Understanding your genetic risk for breast cancer involves more than just analyzing test results. It’s about interpreting those results in the context of your family history, lifestyle, and overall health. With advancements in genetic research and testing, managing breast cancer risk is becoming more precise and personalized.

Our team at Bayou Bend Health System is committed to helping you navigate these complexities with expert care and personalized support. If you have concerns about your genetic risk for breast cancer, our dedicated team can provide you with the guidance and resources you need. Contact us to schedule a consultation and take the next step toward understanding and managing your health.

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A Beginner’s Guide to Understanding Your Blood Tests

August 28, 2026

Blood tests are common tools healthcare providers use to understand what is happening inside the body. Whether part of a routine physical, a preventive visit, or an evaluation for a specific concern, blood tests give valuable information about overall health. Seeing a list of numbers and medical terms on a lab report can feel overwhelming, but understanding the basics helps patients feel more informed. Bayou Bend Health System offers comprehensive healthcare services and helps patients understand their lab results and what they may mean for their wellness. Why Are Blood Tests Important? Blood tests can provide healthcare providers with information that may not be apparent during a physical examination. They can help monitor overall health, identify likely concerns, and monitor changes over time. Depending on the type of test ordered, blood work may provide information about: • Blood cell counts • Blood sugar levels • Cholesterol and heart health • Kidney and liver function • Electrolyte levels • Nutritional deficiencies • Inflammation or infection • Other indicators of overall health Routine blood tests help healthcare providers spot changes early, so patients can talk over next steps. Understanding a Complete Blood Count (CBC) A complete blood count, or CBC, is a frequently ordered blood test. It measures different types of blood cells and provides information about several aspects of health. A CBC may include measurements of: • Red blood cells that disperse oxygen throughout the body • White blood cells, that fight unwanted infections from spreading • Hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen • Hematocrit, which measures the proportion of blood made up of red blood cells • Platelets, which help with blood clotting A healthcare provider explains what individual results mean based on a patient’s health history and other findings. What Do Blood Sugar Tests Tell You? Blood glucose testing measures blood sugar. These tests screen for or monitor blood sugar conditions, including diabetes. Common blood sugar tests include fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C. An A1C test estimates average blood sugar levels over the previous several months. Understanding blood sugar results helps patients and providers discuss nutrition, physical activity, medications, and other factors supporting healthy glucose levels. Understanding Cholesterol and Lipid Tests Cholesterol testing is a common part of preventive healthcare. A lipid panel measures overall cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. These numbers help healthcare providers evaluate cardiovascular risk alongside elements such as age, blood pressure, family history, lifestyle, and existing health conditions. A single cholesterol number doesn't tell the whole story. Your provider can help interpret your results within the context of your overall health. What Does It Mean When a Result Is “High” or “Low”? Seeing a result marked high or low can cause concern. However, a result outside the reference range does not automatically mean something is wrong. Reference ranges can vary by laboratory, test, and individual factors. Providers consider the complete picture—including symptoms, medical history, medications, and other test results—when interpreting laboratory findings. Patients should avoid self-diagnosing based on individual numbers. Instead, discuss questions or unexpected results with a qualified healthcare professional. Take an Active Role in Your Health Understanding your blood tests can make healthcare visits less confusing and help you have more productive conversations with your provider. If you receive lab results you don't understand, ask questions and ask for an explanation of what the numbers mean for your health. At Bayou Bend Health System, our healthcare professionals are committed to helping patients understand their health and help make informed decisions about their care. Whether you need routine blood work, preventive care, or help understanding your lab results, our team is here to help. Schedule an appointment today by calling (337) 828-0760 and take an important step toward gaining insight and managing your health.

Back-to-School Prep: Why Physicals and Vaccines Matter Before the First Bell

July 29, 2026

As summer ends, families prepare for a successful school year with new supplies, updated schedules, and fresh goals. While shopping for backpacks and school clothes is important, one essential part of back-to-school preparation is ensuring children are healthy and ready to learn. Routine physicals, recommended vaccines, and preventive healthcare visits help students start the year feeling their best. Bayou Bend Health System provides comprehensive pediatric and family healthcare services to support children and families throughout the school year. Schedule a Back-to-School Physical Exam A yearly physical exam is important to preserve a child’s overall health. These visits let healthcare providers monitor growth, development, and wellness while identifying concerns before they become bigger issues . During a back-to-school physical, providers may review: Height, weight, and growth patterns Blood pressure and vital signs Vision and hearing health Nutrition and physical activity habits Sleep routines and overall wellness Medical history and current health concerns These appointments also give families a chance to ask questions about their child’s health, discuss changes, and get guidance to support healthy habits throughout the school year. Stay Up to Date on Recommended Vaccines Vaccinations are a key part of back-to-school preparation. Immunizations protect children from preventable diseases and help create a healthier school environment by reducing the spread of infections among students, teachers, and families. Depending on age and vaccination history, children may need routine immunizations or booster shots before returning to class. Medical professionals can review records, identify missing vaccines, and help families create a plan to keep children protected. Common school-required or recommended vaccines may include protection against: Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) Chickenpox (varicella) Meningococcal disease Influenza (flu) Other recommended childhood illnesses Keeping immunizations current helps students attend school safely and confidently. Prepare for Sports and Physical Activities For children in sports, physical activity programs, or extracurricular activities, a sports physical may be required before participation. These evaluations determine if a child is ready for physical activity and let providers identify likely concerns related to heart health, injuries, or other conditions. A sports physical can also be a great time to discuss injury prevention, proper nutrition, hydration, and safe exercise habits. Address Vision, Hearing, and Other Health Concerns Children rely on healthy vision and hearing to participate fully in class. Difficulty seeing the board, hearing instructions, or focusing on lessons can affect educational performance and confidence. A physical exam can help identify concerns early and connect families with additional care when needed. Dealing with these issues before the school year begins allows students to focus on learning free of unnecessary barriers. Support Your Child’s Mental and Emotional Wellness Back-to-school preparation is not only about physical health. Returning to school brings excitement, new challenges, and changes in routines. Healthcare visits provide a chance to discuss mental well-being, stress, anxiety, sleep habits, and other concerns that may affect a child’s success. Candid talks about mental health help children feel cared for as they manage academic and social experiences throughout the year. Start the School Year with Confidence A healthy start can have a notable effect on a child’s school experience. Scheduling physicals, updating vaccines, and handling health concerns before the first day of class help children enter the school year prepared for success. At Bayou Bend Health System, our team is focused on providing compassionate, comprehensive care for children and families. If your child needs a routine checkup, immunizations, sports clearance, or guidance toward maintaining good health, our providers are here to help. Schedule your child’s back-to-school visit today by calling 337-907-6764 and take an important move toward a healthy and successful school year.

Meet Dr. Kelly Bewsey, MD, PhD: Expert Urologic Care Close to Home

June 30, 2026

Many people delay seeking urinary care due to embarrassment, uncertainty, or the belief that symptoms are a normal part of aging. However, most urologic conditions are highly treatable, and early intervention can positively affect quality of life. Bayou Bend Health System welcomes Kelly Bewsey, MD, PhD, a skilled urologist dedicated to helping patients achieve better urinary and reproductive health through compassionate, bespoke care. Comprehensive Urology Services for Men and Women Dr. Bewsey offers expert evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment for a broad range of urologic conditions in both men and women. He is committed to helping patients find effective solutions and regain confidence in their daily lives, whether they are experiencing symptoms or seeking preventive care. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections are a common reason for seeking urologic care. Though occasional UTIs are often treated quickly, recurrent infections may signal an underlying issue that needs further evaluation. Dr. Bewsey works with patients to identify the cause of recurring infections and develop treatment plans to help prevent future episodes. Kidney Stones Kidney stones can cause severe pain and frequently require specialized care. Dr. Bewsey provides comprehensive management, including diagnostic evaluations, treatment options, and preventive approaches to reduce the risk of future stones. Bladder Health and Overactive Bladder Bladder conditions can interrupt daily activities, sleep, work, and social engagements. Patients with frequent urination, urgency, or difficulty controlling their bladder may benefit from evaluation for overactive bladder or related conditions. Dr. Bewsey develops individualized treatment plans to improve bladder function and restore comfort. Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) Blood in the urine should never be ignored. Hematuria can result from infections, kidney stones, or more serious conditions. Dr. Bewsey provides thorough diagnostic evaluations to determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment. Prostate Health and Screenings Prostate health is an important aspect of preventive care for men. Regular screenings can detect concerns early, when treatment is most effective. Dr. Bewsey offers prostate evaluations, screenings, and ongoing management to help patients make educated choices regarding their health. Erectile Dysfunction Erectile dysfunction influences millions of men and may significantly affect confidence, relationships, and well-being. Dr. Bewsey works with patients to identify contributing factors and explore treatment options that address both physical and emotional aspects. Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Floor Disorders Urinary leakage and pelvic floor disorders are common but often underreported. These conditions can impact individuals of all ages and may result from childbirth, aging, surgery, or other health factors. Dr. Bewsey provides complete evaluations and care plans to improve bladder control and pelvic health. Personal Care You Can Trust At Bayou Bend Health System, we recognize that urologic concerns can be sensitive and difficult to discuss. Dr. Kelly Bewsey is committed to establishing a welcoming environment where patients are comfortable sharing their symptoms and concerns. Through advanced diagnostics, evidence-based treatments, and patient-focused care, he helps individuals achieve better health outcomes and improved quality of life. If you are experiencing urinary symptoms, have concerns about prostate health, or want to learn more about available urology services, schedule an appointment with Dr. Kelly Bewsey, MD, PhD. Expert urologic care is now available close to home at Bayou Bend Health System.

How Do Your Genes Fit? Cracking the Code on Breast Cancer Risk